Foreign object - inhaled

定义

If you breathe a foreign object into your nose, mouth, or 呼吸 tract, it may become stuck. This can cause breathing problems or choking. The area around the object also can become inflamed or infected.

选择的名字

Obstructed airway; Blocked airway

注意事项

Children ages 6 months to 3 years are in the age group most likely to breathe in (inhale) a foreign object. These items may include 坚果, coins, toys, balloons, or other small items or foods.

原因

Young children can easily inhale small foods (坚果, 种子, or 爆米花) and objects (buttons, 珠子, or parts of toys) when playing or eating. This may cause a partial or 气道完全阻塞.

Young children have smaller airways than adults. They also can't move enough air when coughing to dislodge an object. Therefore, a foreign object is more likely to get stuck and block the air passage.

症状

症状包括:

• 令人窒息的
• 咳嗽
• 说话困难
• No breathing or breathing trouble (呼吸 distress)
• Turning blue, red or white in the face
• 喘息
• Chest, throat or neck pain

Sometimes, only minor symptoms are seen at first. The object may be forgotten until symptoms such as inflammation or infection develop.

急救

First aid may be performed on an 婴儿 or 年长的孩子 who has inhaled an object. First aid measures include:

• Back blows or chest compressions for 婴儿s.
• Abdominal thrusts for 年长的孩子ren.
• If the 婴儿 or child continues to have trouble breathing, they might need emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
  

Be sure you are trained to perform these first aid measures.

Any child who may have inhaled an object should be seen by a doctor. A child with a 气道完全阻塞 requires emergency medical help.

If choking or coughing goes away, and the child does not have any other symptoms, he or she should be watched for signs and symptoms of infection or irritation. 可能需要x光检查.

这个过程叫做 支气管镜检查 may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and to remove the object. Antibiotics and breathing therapy may be needed if an infection develops.

不

DO NOT force feed 婴儿s who are crying or breathing rapidly. This may cause the baby to inhale liquid or solid food into their airway.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact a health care provider or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you think a child has inhaled a foreign object.

预防

Preventive measures include:

• Keep small objects out of the reach of young children.
• Discourage talking, laughing, or playing while food is in the mouth.
• Do not give potentially dangerous foods such as hot dogs, 整个葡萄, 坚果, 爆米花, 带骨头的食物, or hard candy to children under age 3.
• Teach children to avoid placing foreign objects into their noses and other body openings.
  
  

参考文献

Hammer AR, Schroeder JW. Foreign bodies in the airway. 在:Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 414.

Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, Schuh AM, Upper airway obstruction. In: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, Schuh AM, eds. Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics. 9日艾德. Elsevier; 2023:chap 135.

沙阿，小华盛顿. Ingestion of foreign bodies. In: Holcomb GW, Murphy JP, St. Peter SD, eds. Holcomb and Ashcraft's Pediatric Surgery. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 11.

Stayer K, Hutchins L. Emergency and critical care management. In: Kleinman K, Mcdaniel L, Molloy M, eds. The Harriet Lane Handbook. 22日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 1.