血红蛋白 electrophoresis

定义

血红蛋白 is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. It is present inside the red blood cells. 血红蛋白 electrophoresis measures the levels of the different types of this protein in the blood.

选择的名字

Hb electrophoresis; Hgb electrophoresis; Electrophoresis - hemoglobin; Thalassemia - electrophoresis; Sickle cell - electrophoresis; 血红蛋白opathy - electrophoresis

如何执行测试

A 血液样本 是必要的.

In the lab, the technician places the 血液样本 on special paper and applies an electric current. The hemoglobins move on the paper and form bands that show the amount of each type of hemoglobin.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is necessary for this test.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

You may have this test if your health care provider suspects that you have a disorder caused by abnormal forms of hemoglobin (血红蛋白病).

Many different types of hemoglobin (Hb) exist. The most common ones are HbA, HbA2, HbE, HbF, HbS, HbC, HbH, and HbM. Healthy adults only have significant levels of HbA and HbA2.

Some people may also have small amounts of HbF. This is the main type of hemoglobin in an unborn baby's body. Certain diseases are associated with high HbF levels (when HbF is more than 2% of the total hemoglobin).

HbS is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with 镰状细胞性贫血. In people with this condition, the red blood cells sometimes have a crescent or sickle shape. These cells easily break down or can block small blood vessels.

HbC is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with excessive red blood cell destruction and 溶血性贫血. The symptoms are much milder than they are in 镰状细胞性贫血.

Other, less common, abnormal Hb molecules cause other types of 贫血.

正常的结果

In adults, these are normal percentages of different hemoglobin molecules:

• HbA: 95% ~ 98% (0.95 to 0.98)
• HbA2: 2% ~ 3% (0.02 to 0.03)
• HbE:缺席
• 住宅:0.8% to 2% (0.008 to 0.02) 
• 哈佛商学院:缺席
• 国家:没有

In infants and children, these are normal percentage of HbF molecules:

• HbF (newborn): 50% to 80% (0.5 to 0.8)
• HbF(6个月):8%
• HbF (over 6 months): 1% to 2%

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Significant levels of abnormal hemoglobins may indicate:

• 血红蛋白C病
• Inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal amount of some hemoglobin molecules (地中海贫血)
• 罕见的血红蛋白病
• 镰状细胞性贫血

You may have false normal or abnormal results if you have had a blood transfusion within 12 weeks of this test.

风险

There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:

• 大出血
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Calihan J. 血液学. In: Kleinman K, Mcdaniel L, Molloy M, eds. 哈里特·莱恩手册. 22日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 14.

Elghetany MT, Banki K. 红细胞的障碍. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 33.

意味着RT. 接近贫血症. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 149.