活体肾移植

与任何大手术一样，有可能出现并发症. 然而, 肾脏捐赠者的预期寿命与之相同, 一般健康和肾脏功能作为非供体. Donating a kidney doesn't affect a woman's ability to have children. 任何健康的人都可以安全地捐献肾脏.

活体捐赠者在几个方面对患者有益:

• 更好的长期效果
• 更短的移植等待时间
• 能够在方便的时间计划手术
• Lower risk of complications or organ rejection and better early function of the transplanted kidney

捐赠者资格和评估

潜在的捐助者必须符合某些标准才能被考虑. They must be at least 18 years old (with the exception of emancipated minors) and must not have any of the following:

• 无法控制的高血压
• History of pulmonary embolism or recurrent thrombosis (blood clots)
• 出血失调
• 无法控制的精神疾病
• 病态肥胖
• 不可控的心血管疾病
• Chronic lung disease with impairment of oxygenation or ventilation
• 黑色素瘤病史
• 转移性癌症病史
• 双侧或复发性肾结石
• 慢性肾脏病3期或以下
• 蛋白尿, 或者血液中蛋白质含量过高(超过300毫克/天), 不包括体位性蛋白尿
• 艾滋病毒感染

捐献者必须身体健康, well informed about transplantation and able to give informed consent. 捐献肾脏前, 这个人必须成功地完成全面的体检, 外科和社会心理评估.

The evaluation will include tests to ensure that the donor and recipient have compatible blood and tissue types. Some patients have several family members who are compatible potential donors. 在其他家庭中，没有一个是合适的. UCSF offers several programs to help patients with willing but incompatible donors (see "Special Programs for Living Donor 肾移植ation,”下面).

腹腔镜(微创)供体手术

加州大学旧金山分校一直在使用微创手术, 叫做腹腔镜供体肾切除术, 从1999年开始从活体捐献者身上摘取肾脏. 我们已经做了数百次这样的手术, 使我们的项目成为全国最有经验的项目之一.

腹腔镜供体肾切除术, 外科十大赌博平台排行榜使用非常小的切口, 一个瘦, 灵活的瞄准镜配备了一个摄像头来观察身体内部, 用魔杖一样的工具取出肾脏. 与过去使用的肾脏捐献程序相比, 腹腔镜手术对捐赠者有几个好处:

• 减少对强效止痛药的需求
• 在十大赌博平台排行榜的恢复时间更短
• 更快地恢复正常活动
• 并发症发生率极低

手术通常需要三个小时. Most patients require a hospital stay of only two to three days and return to work within three to four weeks.

在某些情况下, 由于捐赠者的个人解剖结构, the surgeon decides to perform traditional open kidney donation surgery instead. This procedure was standard for removing a living donor's kidney before the laparascopic technique was developed.

The traditional open procedure involves making a 5- to 7-inch incision on the flank, 把肌肉分开，去掉第十二根肋骨的尖端. 手术通常需要三个小时. Donors remain in the hospital four to five days on average, and return to work in six to eight weeks.

The technique used does not affect the quality and function of the donated kidney.

供体后续护理

After discharge from the hospital, the donor receives follow-up care in the transplant clinic. Donors who live outside the San Francisco region should stay in the area for at least a week after discharge.

Donors don't need medication or special diets once they recover from surgery. They do need lifelong monitoring of their overall health, blood pressure and kidney function.

活体肾移植的特别项目

Many patients have family members or friends who wish to donate a kidney but are not able to because their blood type or tissue type doesn't match the recipient.  In such cases, the donor and recipient are said to be "incompatible." UCSF offers several programs to help these patients receive a kidney.

配对交换肾移植或“家庭交换”

This program is another way for a living donor to help a friend or loved one get a kidney even though their blood or tissue types don't match. It works by matching two recipients who have willing but incompatible donors.

欲了解更多信息，请参阅我们的网页 配对交换肾捐赠.

高级捐赠(“代金券”)计划

This program allows living kidney donors to donate a kidney at a time of their choosing, rather than waiting until their chosen recipient is medically ready for the transplant. The donor provides a "voucher" to one chosen recipient (or more than one potential recipient, 在家庭代金券的情况下), 当准备就绪时，谁优先接受活体供体移植.

有关其工作原理的详细信息，请访问我们的 高级捐赠肾移植计划 页面.