优化饮食和运动治疗充血性心力衰竭
病人 with congestive heart failure (CHF) should focus on maintaining a low-sodium diet. It's also important to engage in light exercise like brisk walking or riding a stationary bicycle to maintain and strengthen heart health. Talk to your doctor about a diet and exercise plan that supports your treatment.
低钠饮食治疗心力衰竭
享受你所吃的是很重要的. Even if you crave salt you can learn to like foods that are lower in salt. Your taste buds will change soon, and you will not miss the salt. Removing salt can bring out flavors that may have been hidden by the salt.
Reduce the salt content in your diet by trying the following:
- 选择低盐的食物. 新鲜水果和蔬菜, 新鲜的肉, 家禽, 鱼, 干的和新鲜的豆类, 鸡蛋, 牛奶和酸奶的天然含盐量都很低. Plain rice, pasta and oatmeal are also good low-sodium choices. 然而, the sodium content can increase if salt or other high-sodium ingredients are added during their preparation.
- 用香草、香料、香草醋和果汁调味. 避免含有盐或钠的草药或香料混合物. Use lemon juice or fresh ground pepper to accent natural flavors. 尝试用橙汁或菠萝汁作为腌肉的底料. 参见下面的“无盐草本混合物”，了解其他想法.
- 在购买包装食品前阅读食品标签. Check the nutrition facts on the label for sodium content per serving. 找出包装里的份数. How does the sodium in each serving compare to the total sodium you can eat each day? Try to pick packaged foods with a sodium content under 350 milligrams for each serving. 检查一下配料表也很有用. If salt or sodium is listed in the first five ingredients, it is too high in sodium.
检查标签
使用包装食品上的营养信息. 一定要注意每个容器的份量. 以下是使用这些信息的提示:
- 钠含量. 经常检查钠的含量. Look for foods with a sodium content under 350 milligrams for each serving.
- 营养成分列表. 这份清单涵盖了对你的健康最重要的营养素.
- 每日摄入量%. This number shows how foods meet recommended nutrient intake levels for a 2,000卡路里参考饮食. Try to eat no more than 100 percent of total fat, cholesterol and sodium.
- 每日摄入量. Some food labels list daily values for 2,000 and 2,500 calorie daily diets.
- 每克卡路里. Some labels give the approximate number of calories in a gram of fat, carbohydrate and protein.
烹饪或准备食物
- 改掉这个习惯. 把盐瓶从厨房柜台和桌子上拿下来. A 1/8 teaspoon "salt shake" adds more than 250 milligrams of sodium to your dish.
- 要有创意. Instead of adding salt, spark up the flavor with herbs, spices, garlic, onions and citrus juices. 请参阅下面的无盐草药混合物食谱.
- 做一个低盐厨师. In most recipes, you can cut back on salt by 50 percent or even eliminate it altogether. You can bake, broil, grill, roast, poach, steam or microwave foods without salt. Skip the urge to add salt to cooking water for pasta, rice, cereal and vegetables. 这是一种减少钠摄入量的简单方法.
- 小心调料. 高钠调味品包括各种调味盐, 柠檬胡椒, 蒜盐, 洋葱盐, 肉类嫩化剂, 风味增强剂, 清汤立方体, 番茄酱, 芥末, 牛排酱和酱油.
- 远离隐藏的盐. 罐头和加工食品, 比如肉汁, 速溶麦片, 包装好的面条和土豆粉, 橄榄, 泡菜, 汤和蔬菜的含盐量很高. Choose the frozen item instead; or better yet, choose fresh foods when you can. 奶酪, 腌肉(如熏肉, 博洛尼亚, 热狗和香肠), 快餐和冷冻食品也可能含有大量的钠.
外出就餐
A low-sodium diet does not need to spoil the pleasure of a restaurant meal. 不过，你点餐的时候一定要小心. 这里有一些外出就餐的建议:
- 把盐瓶移到另一张桌子上. Ask for a lemon wedge or bring your own herb blend to enhance the food's flavor.
- 识别菜单上可能表示高钠含量的术语. 检查一下这些术语:腌的，au jus，酱油和肉汤.
- 不要吃咸的零食. 选择生蔬菜或新鲜水果代替.
- 少放调味品. 这些包括芥末、番茄酱、泡菜和鞑靼酱. 加入生菜、洋葱和西红柿来调味. 记住，培根和奶酪的钠含量很高.
- Request that the cook prepare foods without adding salt or MSG. Or ask for sauces and salad dressings on the side since they are often high in sodium. For a salad, use a twist of lemon, a splash of vinegar or a light drizzle of dressing.
使用无盐草药混合物
而不是用盐给食物调味, enhance the flavor of food with these salt-free herb and spice combinations. 要做1/2杯，把配料混合在一个罐子里. 盖紧并摇晃. 保存在阴凉干燥的地方. 然后将它们摩擦或撒在食物上调味.
中国五香粉
鸡肉、鱼肉或猪肉:
- 1/4杯姜粉
- 肉桂粉和丁香粉各2汤匙
- 各一汤匙:磨碎的多香果，茴香籽
混合药草
For salads, pasta salads, steamed vegetables, vegetable soup or 鱼:
- 1/4杯干欧芹片
- 两汤匙干龙蒿
- 1 tablespoon of each: dried oregano, dill weed, celery flakes
意大利的混合
For tomato-based soups, pasta dishes, chicken, pizza, focaccia and herbed bread:
- 2 tablespoons of each: dried basil, dried marjoram, thyme, crushed dried
迷迭香，红辣椒碎
- 大蒜粉，干牛至各一汤匙
易浸混合
For mixing with cottage cheese, yogurt, or low-fat sour cream:
- 半杯干莳萝草
- 1 tablespoon of each: dried chives, garlic powder, dried lemon peel and dried chervil
